Some answers:
6 to 1 is oxidizer-to-fuel ratio. At 104 percent power, each SSME consumes 933 pounds of LO2 and 155 pounds of LH2 per second.
According to SCOM page 1.3-1, the ET holds a maximum of 1,361,936 pounds of LO2 (= 143,351 gallons) and 227,641 pounds of LH2 (= 385,266 gallons). LO2 is much denser than LH2, this is why it is much heavier.
OMS engines and RCS thrusters have a 1.65 to 1 oxidizer-to-fuel ratio.
Most of the structure is made of 2024 aluminum alloy, while the pressure-tight crew compartment is made of 2219 aluminum alloy.
Sorry, I can't answer your other questions.